Ranking list showing the most productive Composers.
This is a list of the first 500 most productive composers according to Harold van der Heijden database V (31-12-2015).
It ranks only the number of studies a composer created as a single person (or as a couple), so co-studies are not added to individuals.
Be aware that also incorrect studies are counted and although certain studies are corrected, these numbers are not shown and also the people who corrected them are not in this list.
I.e. for Pogosyants about 300 studies are corrected.
Mario Garcia and Peter Krug have done a lot of this correction work for many composers.
If you want to have all this information you should buy the database.
A more detailed Ranking list is available, see: New Ranking Composers. It gives more statistics, like co-studies and corrections and ranks on other criteria.
Here a link to the FIDE Album with points of all chess composers.
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The blue names have articles about them with replayable studies.
#Studies Name
1 2076 Pogosyants, Ernst 1935-1990
2 1763 Rinck, Henri 1870-1952
3 1731 Troitzky, Alexei 1866-1942
4 1244 Prokeš, Ladislav 1884-1966
5 930 Bent, Charles 1919-2004
6 717 Kasparyan, Genrikh 1910-1995
7 689 Gurgenidze, David 1953
8 616 Kovalenko, Vitaly 1947-2014
9 552 Fritz, Jindrich 1912-1984
10 551 Vandiest, Julien 1919-2011
11 521 Gorgiev, Tigran 1910-1976
12 507 Amiryan, Hamlet 1934-2013
13 495 Zinar, Mikhail 1951
14 485 Kubbel, Leonid 1891-1942
15 475 Wotawa, Alois 1896-1970
16 440 Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014
17 433 Kling, Josef 1811-1876 and Horwitz, Berhard 1807-1885
18 426 Bron, Vladimir 1909-1985
19 418 Prokop, František 1901-1973
20 417 Chéron, André 1895-1980
21 417 Dobrescu, Emilian 1933
22 398 Becker, Richard 1959
23 392 Nunn, John 1955
24 375 Herbstmann, Alexander 1900-1982
25 368 Grigoriev, Nicolai 1895-1938
26 361 Arestov, Pavel 1966
27 353 Kok, Theo 1906-1999
28 350 Mandler, Artur 1891-1971
29 347 Kichigin, Viktor 1949
30 346 Vandecasteele, Ignace 1926-2018
31 333 Kopáč, Luboš 1908-1983
32 332 Horwitz, Berhard 1807-1885
33 328 Hasek, Josef 1897-1981
34 320 Nadareishvili, Gia 1921-1991
35 319 Garcia, Mario 1948
36 312 Kalandadze, Velimir 1935
37 312 Rossi, Pietro 1924
38 295 Korolkov, Vladimir 1907-1987
39 295 Timman, Jan 1951
40 294 Pallier, Alain 1962
41 287 Kralin, Nicolaî 1944
42 286 Isenegger, Samuel 1899-1964
43 282 Matouš, Mario 1947-2013
44 275 Afek, Yochanan 1952
45 272 Topko, Leonid 1939
46 271 De Feijter, Cor 1907-1988
47 268 Bondarenko, Filip 1905-1993
48 267 Hildebrand, Alexander 1921-2005
49 264 Mikitovics, Janos 1949
50 263 Berger, Johann 1845-1933
51 262 Sochniev, Alexey
52 260 Dedrle, Frantisek 1878-1957
53 257 Amelung, Friedrich 1842-1909
54 250 Dolgov, Vasily 1923
55 249 Moravec, Josef 1882-1969
56 245 Zakhodyakin, Gleb 1912-1982
57 240 Averbakh, Yuri 1922
58 239 Halberstadt, Vitaly 1903-1967
59 239 Kuznetsov, Alexander 1913-1982
60 239 Nestorescu, Virgil 1929-2018
61 238 Guy, Richard 1916
62 234 Sidorov, Boris 1937-2008
63 231 Josten, Gerhard 1938
64 231 Kalyagin, Viktor 1953-2010
65 223 Stamma, Philipp 1705-1755
66 221 Bazlov, Yuri 1947
67 220 Farago, Paul 1886-1970
68 214 Aliev, Ilham 1967
69 214 Missiaen, Roger 1925-2018
70 213 Bernhardt, Georg 1892-1964
71 213 Marysko, Milos 1921-1999
72 211 Makletsov, Yuri 1936
73 211 Melnichenko, Emil 1950
74 210 Dawson, Thomas 1889-1951
75 209 Hlinka, Michal 1953
76 208 Krikheli, Iosef 1931-1988
77 207 Tarasiuk, Vladislav 1968
78 206 Richter, Emil 1894-1971
79 204 Campioli, Marco 1954
80 203 Bondarenko, Filip 1905-1993 and Kuznetsov, Alexander 1913-1982
81 202 Rusinek, Jan 1950
82 195 Richter, Frantisek 1913-1971
83 189 Minski, Martin 1969
84 188 Pospisil, Jaroslav 1934-2013
85 187 Pomogalov,Vassily
86 186 Kekely, Lubos 1959
87 185 Platov, Vasily 1881-1952 and Platov, Mikhael 1883-1942
88 184 Liburkin, Mark 1910-1953
89 183 Herberg, Adolf 1896-1962
90 183 Vlasenko, Valeri 1939i
91 180 Lewitt, Moritz 1863-1936
92 180 Massinen, Pekka 1921-1997
93 177 Mann, Carel 1871-1928
94 176 Katsnelson, Leonard 1936
95 175 Paoli, Enrico 1908-2005
96 175 Pervakov, Oleg 1960
97 174 Bondarenko, Filip 1905-1993 and Kakovin, Alexander 1910
98 173 Motor, Anatoly 1935
99 172 Bondar, Ivan 1963
100 172 Didukh, Sergei 1976
101 172 Krug, Peter 1966
102 172 Van Tets, Albert 1933
103 171 Dukic, Milenko 1926-1997
104 168 Kakovin, Alexander 1910
105 167 Blandford, Hugh 1917-1981
106 167 Chekhover, Vitali 1908-1965
107 167 Mitrofanov, Leopold 1932-1992
108 165 Selman, John 1910-1978
109 165 Yakimchik, Vitold 1909-1977
110 164 Akerblom, Axel 1904-1980
111 164 Hoch, Yehuda 1946
112 164 Olimpiev, Bronislav 1937
113 163 Sansom,Claude
114 162 Maksimovskikh, Alexander 1939
115 161 Marwitz, Jan 1915-1991
116 160 Neistadt, Vladimir 1950
117 159 Daniel, Arthur 1878-1955
118 153 Koranyi, Attila 1934-1997
119 151 Mugnos, Jose 1904-1982
120 150 De Barbieri, Vittorio 1860-1943
121 149 Jasik, Andrzej 1969
122 149 Van den Ende, Johan 1902-2002
123 147 Birnov, Zinovy 1911-1967
124 147 Lazard, Frédéric 1883-1948
125 146 Kondratev,VN
126 145 Zalkind, Lazar 1886-1945
127 143 Kalinin, Alexander 1914-2004
128 141 Prigunov, Vjatcheslav 1950
129 141 Soukup Bardon, Bretislav 1909-1985
130 140 Mees, Wouter 1921-2018
131 140 Somov Nasimovich, Evgenij 1910-1944
132 139 De Villeneuve Esclapon, Jean 1860-1943
133 138 Selezniev, Aleksei 1888-1967
134 137 Lazar, Janos 1909-1981
135 136 Benko, Pal 1928
136 136 Ryabinin, Nikolaj
137 135 Osintsev, Sergei 1960
138 134 Van der Heijden, Harold 1960
139 131 Heuäcker, Paul 1899-1969
140 131 Kazantsev, Alexander 1906-2002
141 131 Smyslov, Vasily 1921-2010
142 128 Grondijs, Harrie 1946
143 128 Horning, Gerd 1964
144 127 Hornecker, Siegfried 1986
145 127 Neidze, Vazha 1937
146 126 Karstedt, Max 1868-1945
147 126 Sackmann, Franz 1888-1927
148 126 Stavrietsky, Alexander 1959
149 125 Havasi, Artur 1864-1939
150 124 Janosi, Erwin 1936-2015
151 123 Kuzmichev, Vladimir 1962
152 122 Asaba, Eduard 1932-1988
153 122 Polasek, Jaroslav 1957
154 121 Razumenko, Victor 1937
155 121 Tyavlovsky, Vitaly 1928
156 120 Becker, Kart 1866-1957
157 119 Aloni, Hillel 1937
158 116 Kalashnikov, Valery 1961
159 116 Kudelich, Eduard 1952
160 116 Tkachenko, Sergey N 1963
161 115 Mouterde, Anatole 1874-1942
162 115 Pivovar, Sergei 1940
163 114 Novikov, Valeri
164 113 Umnov, German 1937
165 112 Gurvich, Abram 1897-1962
166 112 Lommer, Harold 1904-1980
167 112 Réti, Richard 1889-1929
168 111 Dall'Ava, Aristide 1902-1965
169 111 Grin, Alexander 1908-1998
170 111 Zakharov, Sergey 1952
171 110 Gonzalez, Luis
172 110 Henneberger, Moriz 1878-1959
173 110 Khenkin,Victor
174 110 Szulc,Jindrich
175 109 Belokon, Stanislav 1939-1984
176 109 Evreinov, Viktor 1908-1984
177 108 Kakovin, Alexander 1910 and Motor, Anatoly 1935
178 108 Kallstrom, Henning 1909-1993
179 108 Zimmer, Eligiusz 1951
180 106 Markov, Evgeny 1971
181 105 Hufendiek, Erich 1910-1986
182 105 Iriarte, Eduardo 1934-2018
183 105 Pachman, Vladimir 1918-1984
184 103 Cozio, Carlo 1715-1780
185 103 Perkonoja, Pauli 1941
186 101 Proskurowski, Wlodek 1936
187 101 Rezvov, Nikolay 1921-2013
188 101 Sehwers, Johann 1868-1940
189 99 Brieger, Robert 1925-2012
190 98 Ulrichsen, Jarl 1947
191 97 Foguelman, Alberto 1923
192 96 Afanasiev, Georgi 1909-1971 and Dvizov, Evgeny 1937-2012
193 96 Skripnik, Anatoly
194 94 Kaminer, Sergey 1908-1938
195 94 Sevcik, Jan 1936-2013
196 93 Bahr, Walter 1919-1943
197 93 Cohn, Hans 1898-1964
198 93 Sarychev, Aleksandr 1909-1986
199 92 Cortlever, Nico 1915-1995
200 92 Klinkov, Mikhail 1934
201 92 Kopnin, Aleksei 1918-1988
202 90 Roxlau, Michael 1957l
203 90 Walker, George 1803-1879
204 89 Randviir, Juri 1927-1996
205 89 Slepyan, Grigory 1952
206 88 Gillberg, Anders 1963
207 87 Eilazyan, Eduard 1956
208 87 Kopaev, Nikolai 1914-1978
209 87 Petrov, Dmitry 1909-1987
210 86 Mattison, Hermann 1894-1932
211 86 Richter, Rolf 1941-1988
212 85 Dvizov, Evgeny 1937-2012
213 85 Simkovich, From 1896-1945
214 84 Breider, Bruno 1907-1995
215 84 Grzeban, Grzegorz 1902-1991
216 84 Heiskanen, Reino 1931-2007
217 84 Holm, Ernst 1879-1941
218 84 Wortel, N 1899-?
219 83 Badai, Boris 1911-1967
220 83 Borodavkin, Sergey 1969
221 83 Fahrni, Hans 1874-1939 and Keemink, Johannes 1900-1984
222 83 Myronenko, Mykola 1943
223 82 Dore, Marcel 1932
224 82 Zinchuk, Anatoli 1937
225 81 Blathy, Otto 1860-1939
226 80 Maksimovskikh, Alexander and Shupletsov, Vladimir
227 79 Kaiev, Lev 1913-1942
228 79 Pikhurov, Dmitry 1927
229 79 Van Reek, Jan 1945-2015
230 79 Vinichenko, Vladimir 1947-2006
231 78 Ivanov, Albert 1937-2016
232 78 Lewandowski, Andrzej 1937
233 76 Fahrni, Hans 1874-1939
234 76 Joitsa, Paul 1937-2000
235 76 Manyakhin, Aleksandr 1936 and Manyakhin,Sergei
236 76 Van Zuylen Van Nyevelt, Philip 1743-1826
237 75 Bania,Rudolf
238 75 Louma, Josef 1898-1955
239 75 Poisson, Christian 1964
240 74 Costeff, Gady 1961
241 74 Kosek,Vojtech
242 74 Rusz, Árpád 1974
243 73 Krejcik, Josef 1885-1957
244 72 Galitzsky, Aleksandr 1863-1921
245 72 Grin, Alexander 1908-1998 = Gulyaev,A.P
246 72 Koppelomaki, Juhani 1936-1980
247 72 Manyakhin, Aleksandr 1936
248 71 Avni
249 71 Carlsson, Oscar 1924-2011
250 71 Kalyagin, Viktor 1953-2010 and Olimpiev, Bronislav 1937
251 71 Ornstein, Axel 1952
252 71 Platov, Vasily 1881-1952
253 71 Rumyantsev, Sergey 1956
254 70 Manvelyan, Alexander 1946-2015
255 70 Tavariani, Revaz 1922
256 69 Duras, Oldrich 1882-1957
257 69 Ericsson, Axel 1901-1984
258 69 Pitkanen, Jorma 1941
259 69 Sadykov, Azat 1935-2005
260 69 Sonntag, Gunter 1945
261 69 Vrabec, Franjo 1953
262 68 Bunka, Vladislav 1937
263 68 Von Janich, Carl 1813-1872
264 67 Belenky, Alexey 1905-1986
265 67 Keres, Paul 1916-1975
266 67 Mandil, Jose 1907-1979
267 67 Pachman, Ludek 1924-2003
268 67 Voia, Radu 1922
269 66 Kos, Vladimir 1928-2007
270 66 Kozirev, Vasily 1951
271 66 Samilo, Vladimir 1946
272 65 Kling, Josef 1811-1876
273 65 Visokosov, Andrei
274 65 Zheltukhov,Viktor
275 64 Dehler, Otto 1887-1948
276 64 Havel, Miroslav 1881-1958
277 64 Leick, Wilhelm 1871-1948
278 64 Maizelis, Ilya 1894-1978
279 64 Salvioli, Carlo 1848-1930
280 64 Tkachenko,SI
281 64 Vancura, Josef 1898-1932
282 63 Naef, Wladimir 1919-2006
283 63 Nyeviczkey, Lorand 1890-1954
284 62 Csengeri, Joszef 1942
285 62 Kondratev,VI and Kopnin, Aleksei 1918-1991
286 62 Telbis, Gheorghe 1940
287 62 Zemlyanski, Yuri 1938
288 61 Dorogov,Yuri
289 61 Keith, Daniel 1953
290 61 Kivi, Visa 1905-1995
291 61 Krug, Peter 1966 and Garcia, Mario 1948
292 60 Balemans, Teun 1951
293 60 Becker, Richard 1959 and Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014
294 60 Chapais, F 1746-1818
295 60 Gyarmati, Peter 1957
296 60 Letzelter, Jean-Claude 1940
297 60 Peckover, Joseph 1896-1982
298 59 Aleksandrov, Rostislav 1911-1947
299 59 Gandolfi, Vito 1906-1976
300 59 Kolesnikov,Evgeny
301 59 Loeventon, Leon 1889-1963
302 58 Beyer, Hans 1931
303 58 Botokanov, Alimkul 1942
304 58 Fontana, Robert 1928-2017
305 58 Kotov, Aleksei 1928-2007
306 58 Raina, Constatin 1910-1986
307 57 Fontein, Johannes 1912
308 57 Hlinka, Michal 1953 and Kekely, Lubos 1959
309 57 Runquist, Kjell 1898-1983
310 57 Sobey, Adam 1925-2015
311 56 Del Rio, Ercole 1718-1802
312 56 Ginninger, Herman 1911-1934
313 56 Godes, Deves 1939-2007
314 56 Golubev, Aleksander
315 56 Katsnelson, Vladimir 1937
316 56 Kuznetsov, Alexander 1913-1982 and Sakharov, Boris 1914-1973
317 56 Radchenko, Sergey 1950
318 56 Selivanov, Andrey 1967
319 56 Sivak, Bohuslav 1951
320 56 Sizonenko, Victor 1953
321 55 Bertoli, Franco 1954
322 55 Cumpe, Josef 1868-1943
323 55 Gunst, Julius 1896-1958
324 55 Werner, Gregor 1955
325 54 Bianchetti, Rinaldo 1882-1963
326 54 Cook, Eugene 1830-1915
327 54 Gurgenidze, David 1953 and Kalandadze, Velimir 1935
328 54 Kuznetsov,AP and Motor, Anatoly 1935
329 54 Nikitin,Vladimir
330 54 Yarmonov, Igor 1967
331 53 Euwe, Machgielis 1901-1981
332 53 Korn, Walter 1908-1997
333 53 Tamkov, Lev 1937-1997
334 52 Lamoss, Jeno 1911-1982
335 52 Minev, Nikolay 1931
336 52 Silaev, Leonid
337 51 Abramenko, Sergey 1968
338 51 Gasparyan, Alexey 1958
339 51 Neuenschwander, Beat 1958
340 51 Sedlak,Ludek
341 51 Steckbauer, Gottfried 1938
342 51 Von Holzhausen 1876-1935
343 50 Makhatadze, Dzhemal 1935-2009
344 50 Rey Ardid, Ramon 1902-1988
345 49 Anufriev, Viacheslav 1949
346 49 Jespersen, Karl 1848-1914
347 49 Khortov, Valeri 1926
348 49 Lasker, Emanuel 1868-1941
349 49 Svoboda,Rudolf
350 48 Amann, Günter 1968
351 48 Blundell,David
352 48 Clausen, Sigurd 1900-1965
353 48 Lillja, John 1879-1946
354 48 Vlasak, Emil 1956
355 47 Adamson,Henry
356 47 Beasley, John 1940
357 47 Elkies, Noam 1966
358 47 Fila,Metod
359 47 Gurgenidze, David 1953 and Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014
360 47 Hlebec, Darko 1984
361 47 Katsnelson, Leonard 1936 and Katsnelson, Vladimir 1937
362 47 Moravec,Antonin
363 47 Mozes,L
364 47 Salai, Ladislav
365 47 Sindler,Ivan
366 47 Skuja, Roberts 1910-1984
367 47 Steniczka, Helmuth 1928-1993
368 46 Fleck, Jürgen 1960
369 46 Fomichev, Evgeny 1964
370 46 Lamare, Marcel 1856-1937
371 46 Maksaev, Valery 1946
372 45 Centurini, Luigi 1820-1900
373 45 Frink, Orrin 1901-1988
374 45 Kuryatnikov,A and Markov,E
375 44 Aizenshtat,Mark
376 44 Dubrovski,V
377 44 Korolkov, Vladimir 1907-1987 and Mitrofanov, Leopold 1932-1992
378 44 Mattei, Lucio 1928
379 44 Novikov,G
380 43 Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014 and Becker, Richard 1959
381 43 Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014 and Garcia, Mario 1948
382 43 Lolli, Giambatista 1698-1769
383 43 Micu, Nicolae 1939
384 43 Ponziani, Domenico 1719-1796
385 43 Tarrasch, Siegbert 1862-1934
386 43 Von der Lasa, Tassilo 1818-1899
387 43 Zhigis, Sergei
388 42 Kovalenko,I
389 42 Miller,A
390 42 Prevorovsky, Emil 1920-1942
391 42 Rabinovich, Ilya 1891-1942
392 42 Rewitz, Poul 1962
393 42 Rombach, Harry 1899-1981
394 42 Weenink, Henri 1892-1931
395 41 Buijs, Hans 1956 and Hendriks,Rolf
396 41 Comay, Ofer 1957
397 41 Gogberashvili, Merab 1959
398 41 Kassai,Richard
399 41 Kondratev,Viktor
400 41 Nieszl,Fulop
401 41 Palguyev, Leonid 1935
402 40 Aberman, Victor 1953-2016
403 40 Bazlov, Yuri 1947 and Kovalenko, Vitaly 1947-2014
404 40 Infantozzi, Julio 1916-1991
405 40 Nosek, Stanislav 1952
406 40 Pudovkin, Vasily 1937
407 40 Tacu,Vasile
408 39 Akhaladze, Beka 1991
409 39 Ebersz, Kornel 1890-1957
410 39 Fine, Reuben 1914-1993
411 39 Kekely, Lubos 1959 and Hlinka, Michal 1953
412 39 Moreno Ramos, Filipe 1919
413 39 Pankov,Vladimir
414 39 Peronace, Carlos 1933-1990
415 39 Platov, Mikhael 1883-1942
416 39 Roslov, Yuri 1963-2015
417 39 Rossi, Pietro 1924 and Campioli, Marco 1954
418 39 Sereda, Victor 1913-1990
419 39 Werle, Allan 1908-1994
420 39 Wojcik,S
421 38 Argunov,Nikolai
422 38 Chodera,Miroslav
423 38 Conrady,Helmut
424 38 Gorbman,Matus
425 38 Husak, Karel 1925-2004
426 38 Khait, Arkadi 1946
427 38 Kraemer, Adolf 1898-1972
428 38 Michelet,Paul
429 38 Ryabtsev, Vladimir 1959
430 38 Van Breukelen, Gijs 1946
431 38 Vatarescu,Paul
432 37 Da Silva, Sebastiao 1928
433 37 Filaretov, Sergey 1898-1928
434 37 Fischer,F
435 37 Frankl,Joszef
436 37 Garayazli,I
437 37 Kuryatnikov,A
438 37 Lindner, Laszlo 1916-2004
439 37 Popov, Georgy 1934
440 37 Senkus,Raimondas
441 36 Belyavski, Albert 1934-2018
442 36 Eucken, Kurt 1899-1947
443 36 Korteling, Willem 1889-1964
444 36 Nekhaev,Gennady
445 36 Raican, Paul 1957
446 36 Roche,Jean
447 36 Studenetsky, Alexey 1912-1988
448 35 Drewitt, John 1873-1931
449 35 Fuchs,Georges
450 35 Gerasimov,Vladimir
451 35 Kasparyan, Sergey 1952
452 35 Malyshev,Alexander
453 35 Minerva, Enzo 1962
454 35 Roycroft, Arthur John 1929
455 35 Yakovenko, Victor 1941
456 34 Bor,Alexander
457 34 Dolgov, Vasily 1923 and Kolpakov,Victor
458 34 Frolovsky, Aleksandr 1947
459 34 Granlund,E
460 34 Halumbirek, Josef 1891-1968
461 34 Mikhailov, Mikhail 1934
462 34 Sumbatyan, Karen 1959
463 34 Zhuk, Victor 1955 and Tupik, Vasily 1954
464 33 Behting, Janis 1856-1946
465 33 Heks,Erno
466 33 Jansen, Joseph 1907
467 33 Keidanz, Hermann 1865-1938
468 33 Mansarliisky, Nikolaj 1954
469 33 Murarasu, Ion 1955-2010
470 33 Rezvov, Nikolay 1921-2013 and Tkachenko, Sergey N 1963
471 33 Soukup, Miroslav 1903-1981
472 32 Borisenko, Ivan 1928
473 32 Buyannemekh, Bizijagin 1946
474 32 Loustau, Jean-Marc 1958
475 32 Mitrofanov, Leopold 1932-1992 and Razumenko, Victor 1937
476 32 Muradov,M
477 32 Scheffler,Gunter
478 32 Shkril,Vladimir
479 31 Akobia, Iuri 1937-2014 and Arestov, Pavel 1966
480 31 Bordeniuk, Mikhail 1940
481 31 Carvajal, Juan 1939
482 31 Gratzer, George 1936
483 31 Grushko, Michael 1955
484 31 Pierce, William 1839-1922
485 31 Reichhelm, Gustavus 1839-1905
486 31 Sarychev, Aleksandr 1909-1986 and Sarychev,Kirill
487 31 Slumstrup Nielsen, Steffen 1975
488 31 Sviridenko,Nikolay
489 31 Walkewitz, Hubert 1934
490 31 Zlatanov, Angel 1938-2010
491 30 Belikov,Evgeny
492 30 Dolgov, Vasily 1923 and Kuznetsov, Alexander 1913-1982
493 30 Halski, Marek 1950
494 30 Jonsson, Christer 1947
495 30 Klyukin,Vladimir
496 30 Kuznetsov, Anatoly 1932-2000
497 30 Mesman, Hendrik 1919
498 30 Mihajloski, Zlatko 1946
499 30 Mugnos, Jose 1904-1982 and Carlsson, Oscar 1924-2011
500 30 Rinder, Gerd 1935
501 30 Tresling, Jan Diederik 1868 - 1939
502 30 Voit,Oswald
503 30 Yaacobi,B